Nuclear Model

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Ernest Rutherford, 1911 Before Rutherford, scientists pictured the atom as a diffuse cloud of charge — Thomson's "plum pudding." Then came the gold foil experiment. When Rutherford fired alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold and watched some bounce straight back, he knew the atom had a dense, concentrated center. The Nuclear Model was born: a tiny, massive nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons. It rewrote atomic theory overnight and established the framework every model since has built on. Show more