Celtis occidentalis (Hackberry) is a tough, adaptable native tree known for its irregular form, corky bark, and small berry like fruits. It thrives in a wide range of conditions, including urban environments, and provides strong ecological value as a wildlife supporting species. Height & Spread: 40 - 60 ft x 40 - 50 ft Bloom Time: Spring Light Requirements: Full sun to partial shade Soil Preference: Highly adaptable; tolerates clay, dry, and urban soils Watering Needs: Moderate; drought tolerant once established Deer Resistance: Moderate deer resistance Native Status Native to eastern and central North America, commonly found in floodplains, woodlands, and open areas. WILDLIFE & INSECTS Birds Fruits are eaten by birds such as Cedar Waxwings, Robins, and Mockingbirds. Butterflies Host plant for species such as the Hackberry Emperor and Tawny Emperor butterflies. Mammals Provides food and habitat for small mammals and urban wildlife. Spacing & Landscape Use Spacing Recommendations Plant 40 - 50 ft apart for canopy development. Landscape Placement Ideal for urban plantings, large landscapes, and restoration areas where durability is needed. Companion Plants Gymnocladus dioicus (Kentucky Coffeetree) - Shares tolerance for tough urban conditions and open growth habit. Quercus bicolor (Swamp White Oak) - Adds ecological diversity and similar adaptability. Amelanchier canadensis (Serviceberry) - Provides seasonal interest and wildlife support beneath the canopy. Panicum virgatum (Switchgrass) - Adds structure and native ground layer planting.
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