Description This book was written to meet the demands laid down by the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) of 1978 and 1995, and is intended to provide the theoretical basis necessary to attain knowledge, understanding and skills within the following aspects of navigation: At an operational level: Electronic systems of position fixing and navigation The ability to determine the ship's position by use of electronic navigation aids. Radar Navigation. Knowledge of the fundamentals of radar and automatic radar plotting aids (ARPA). The ability to operate, interpret and analyze information obtained from radar. The principal types of ARPA, their display characteristics, performance standards, and the dangers of over-reliance on ARPA. The ability to operate, interpret and analyze information obtained from ARPA. At management level: Position determination using modern electronic navigation aids, with specific knowledge of their operating principles, limitations, sources of error, detection of misrepresented information and methods of correction used in order to obtain accurate position fixing An appreciation of system errors and thorough understanding of operational aspects of modern navigation systems, including radar and ARPA Evaluation of navigational information derived from all sources, including radar and ARPA, in order to make and implement decisions on the bridge with a view to avoiding collision and carrying out the safe navigation of the ship Maneuvering and handling a ship when using techniques to maintain a constant rate of turn Contents An Introduction to Electronic Navigation Systems1.1 Alternating Current and and Alternating Voltage1.2 Radiation and Range1.3 Geodesy for Navigational Purposes1.4 Hyperbolic Navigation1.5 Accuracy1.6 The Doppler Effect1.7 The Cathode Ray Tube1.8 The Antenna Satellite-Based Navigation Systems2.1 History and Background2.2 The GPS System2.3 Positioning with GPS2.4 Categories of Accuracy When Using GPS2.5 The GPS Satellites2.6 GPS Reception2.7 Sources of Positioning Error2.8 Differential GPS2.9 Possible Areas of Use for GPS Terrestrial Hyperbolic Navigation Systems3.1 The Decca System3.2 The Loran System Radar and ARPA Equipment4.1 Radar4.2 ARPA Equipment Electronic Charts5.1 Introduction5.2 Different Types of Computer Charts5.3 System Types5.4 Updating Electronic Chart Data5.5 Positioning Your Own Ship on a Computer Chart5.6 Connecting to Other Navigation Systems5.7 Depth Information5.8 The Production of Computer Charts Integrated Navigation Systems6.1 Introduction6.2 Unmodulated, Integrated Systems6.3 Modulated Integrated Systems6.4 The NMEA Standards6.5 The Mutual Effect of the Instruments Making a Turn with a Constant Radius7.1 Introduction7.2 The Fundamentals of a Turn with a Constant Radius7.3 The Turn-Rudder Line7.4 The Distance F7.5 Equipment Necessary to Plan a Turn with a Constant Radius7.6 Using Plastic Plates to Determine the Turning Circle7.7 Sketch of the Planned Maneuver7.8 Determining Your Own Ship's Position in Relation to the Turn-Rudder Line7.9 Range to a Target Ahead7.10 Verifying a Turn with a Constant Radius7.11 Equipment for Implementing a Turn with a Constant Radius Words, Abbreviations and Symbols
