Pure Encapsulations Ester-C® & Flavonoids Vitamin C Enhanced with Flavonoids for Antioxidant, Immune, and Vascular Support Ester-C® & flavonoids offers a blend of Ester-C® and flavonoid compounds to provide vitamin C support for healthy immune and cellular function as well as blood vessel integrity. Ester-C®, consisting primarily of calcium ascorbate, is a natural, nonacidic water-soluble form of vitamin C that is distinguished by its unique biological activity. Key Benefits and Features: Ages 9 and up Immune and vascular support Promotes healthy immune system function Supports healthy vascular integrity Easy-to-absorb, enhanced-retention form of vitamin C Includes quercetin and rutin to synergistically complement vitamin C Made with high-quality vegan ingredients backed by verifiable science Ingredients Serving Size: 1 Vegetarian Capsule Amount/Serving Vitamin C (from Ester-C calcium ascorbate blend) 619 mg Calcium (from Ester-C calcium ascorbate blend) 68 mg Threonic acid (from Ester-C calcium ascorbate blend) 7 mg Quercetin 50 mg Rutin 100 mg Other Ingredients: Vegetarian capsule (cellulose, water), and ascorbyl palmitate. Does Not Contain: Wheat, soy, dairy, eggs, artificial colors, artificial sweeteners, coatings, shellacs, GMOs, tree nuts, peanuts, sesame, unnecessary binders, fillers, preservatives, magnesium stearate, gluten, trans fat, and hydrogenated oils. Gluten Free, Non-GMO, Vegan, Vegetarian, Hypoallergenic Suggested Use As a dietary supplement, take 1 capsule, 1-2 times daily, with or between meals. Warning: If you are pregnant or lactating, have any health condition, or are taking any medication, consult your health professional before use. Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. More Info. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, Ester-C supplementation resulted in significantly higher white blood cell vitamin C concentrations compared to standard ascorbic acid at 8 hours and remained elevated at 24 hours. The bioflavonoids quercetin and rutin are free radical scavengers that complement the roles of vitamin C. Quercetin helps maintain healthy mast cell function and moderate healthy leukotriene and prostaglandin metabolism. Preclinical data show that rutin supports blood vessel integrity and healthy cell function. Ester-C® is manufactured in a proprietary process from ascorbic acid sourced from corn dextrose fermentation, and U.S.-mined elemental minerals Quercetin is derived from Fava d'anta tree (Dimorphandra mollis) or Japanese pagoda tree (Sophora Japonica) flower buds Rutin is derived from the Japanese pagoda tree (Sophora Japonica)