Exercise Physiology-6th Edition

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Description Table of Contents Author Ancillaries Excerpts The essential text for graduate students studying exercise physiology. Exercise Physiology: Human Bioenergetics and Its Ap plications, Sixth Edition, provides advanced exercise physiology students with the high-level background information needed to excel in the field of exercise physiology. With guidance from expert authors at the forefront of exercise physiology, explore the interrelationship of exercise, metabolism, and energy storage. With special attention devoted to revisions that add clarity and consistency throughout the text, the sixth edition also contains a wealth of other updates: More information on the lactate shuttle theory—from lead author George Brooks, the developer of the concept Updated content covering metaboreflex, lipid metabolism, and pulmonary ventilation Expanded discussion of the control of gene expression of muscle protein New content on diseases and guidelines on prevention and management Updated information on metabolite homeostasis Often referred to as the “bible of the field,” Exercise Physiology: Human Bioenergetics and Its Applications unpacks the principles of bioenergetics, taking readers through the mechanisms of performance as determined by physical and chemical factors. The evolution of exercise physiology as a field is traced back through history, framing present-day breakthroughs through the lens of historical practices. Readers will investigate the capabilities and limits of human physical function, examining exercise not just from a high-performance perspective but also in terms of health benefits. The text has added pedagogical learning aids that make engaging with the content easier, such as chapter objectives, chapter summaries, and review questions. Original figures and tables from the authors encourage critical thinking and help with the practical application of concepts in the book. Students can rest assured that they are learning from legends with the sixth edition of Exercise Physiology: Human Bioenergetics and Its Applications. With updated content and new breakthroughs, as well as the book’s reputation as a must-use resource, this text is the best choice for graduate students in exercise physiology. Audience Upper-division-undergraduate- and graduate-level exercise physiology students, health care professionals and athlete trainers, and researchers and other practitioners in exercise physiology. Part I. Energy SystemsChapter 1. IntroductionHistory of Exercise PhysiologyRate-Limiting FactorsMaximal Oxygen ConsumptionPerformance and Predictors of PerformanceStress and StrainOverload PrincipleProfessional Field of Exercise Physiology and Exercise and Sports SciencePhysical Activity and Health: Reports, Guidelines, and Recommendations Chapter 2. BioenergeticsHeat, Temperature, and Biological SystemsLaws of ThermodynamicsAdenosine Triphosphate Chapter 3. ATP HomeostasisNonoxidative Immediate Energy SystemNonoxidative Glycolytic and Glycogenolytic Energy SystemsOxidative Energy SystemEnergy Systems and PerformanceEnzymatic Regulation of MetabolismAdenylate Energy ChargeEnergy Supply and Use During Physical Exercise Within the Context of Energy Flow in the Biosphere Chapter 4. Basics of MetabolismEnergy Transduction in the BiosphereMetabolism and Heat Production in AnimalsEarly Attempts at CalorimetryOpen-Circuit CalorimetersRespiratory Gas Exchange RatioIndirect Calorimetry Chapter 5. Glycolysis and GlycogenolysisGlycolysisDietary Sources of GlucosePostprandial Lactate ShuttleBlood Glucose Concentration During Rest and ExerciseGlycolysis in HistoryGlycogenolysisCell–Cell Lactate ShuttleGluconeogenesisEffects of Training on Glycolytic Enzyme Abundances and GlycolysisGlucose, Glycogen, and Other Substrate Use During ExerciseEffects of Exercise and Endurance Training on Blood Lactate Chapter 6. Cellular Oxidation of Pyruvate and LactateStructure of the Mitochondrial ReticulumConnectivity of the Mitochondrial ReticulumKrebs CycleElectron Transport ChainEffects of Training on Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial ProteinTraining Adaptations and Coordination of Mitochondrial and Nuclear GenesMuscle Mitochondrial Oxygen Partial Pressure During ExerciseFree Radicals, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Oxidative Damage Chapter 7. Lipid MetabolismLipid StructureEsterification and HydrolysisDietary LipidsFree Fatty Acid Blood LevelsIntramuscular Triglycerides and Lipoproteins as Fuel SourcesExercise Recovery and Lipid Oxidation TimingMitochondrial Adaptation to Enhance Fat OxidationGlucose–Fatty Acid (Randle) CycleCrossover ConceptEnergy Substrate Shunting and Shuttling During ExerciseKetones as Fuels Chapter 8. Protein and Amino Acid MetabolismAmino Acid and Protein StructureDietary ProteinsAmino Acid PoolsGluconeogenic Amino AcidsBranched-Chain Amino AcidsGlucose-Alanine CycleGlutamate and Glutamine as Ammonia ScavengersProteomics, Metabolomics, and Fluxomics Chapter 9. Neuroendocrine Control of MetabolismHormonal Control of GlycemiaHepatic Control of GlycemiaAutonomic Nervous System and Catecholamine Control of GlycemiaEndocrine Control of Gluconeogenesis Chapter 10. Metabolic Response to ExerciseValidity of Indirect Calorimetry in Measuring Exercise ResponsesPrinciples of Tracer MethodologyMuscle as a Consumer of Lactate During ExerciseExcess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC), or the O2 DebtHistorical O2 Debt TheoryMetabolic Fate of Lactate After ExerciseExercise-Related Disturbances to Mitochondrial FunctionLactate Turnover During Exercise Part II. Physiological SystemsChapter 11. Pulmonary VentilationBreathing, Ventilation, and RespirationEnvironmental Influences on Pulmonary Gas VolumesEntry of O2 Into BloodPulmonary DiffusionRed Blood Cells and Hemoglobin in CO2 TransportBicarbonate Buffer System Chapter 12. Mechanics of Pulmonary VentilationPulmonary AnatomyPartial PressuresControl of Tidal Volume and Breathing FrequencyNeural-Humoral Control of Ventilation Chapter 13. Ventilation as a Limiting FactorVentilatory Perfusion Ratio (VE/Q)Ventilatory Equivalent of Oxygen (VE/VO2) During ExerciseMaximum Expiratory Minute Ventilation Versus Maximum Voluntary VentilationPartial Pressures of Alveolar and Arterial OxygenAlveolar Surface Area for Gas ExchangeFatigue of Ventilatory Muscles and Other LimitationsPulmonary Limitations in Highly Trained Athletes Chapter 14. Mechanics of the HeartStructure of the HeartRegulation of Cardiac Chronotropy and InotropyMyocardium Electrical Activity and MeasurementCardiac Performance at Rest and During Exercise Chapter 15. Circulation and Its ControlMechanics of CirculationDeterminants of Blood FlowNeural Control of the HeartNeural Control of the Cardiovascular SystemHormonal Control MechanismsMetabolic Regulation of Blood FlowAutoregulationCardiovascular Control During ExerciseRedistribution (Shunting) of Blood Flow During Exercise and Other Forms of Cell Work Chapter 16. Cardiovascular Dynamics and ExerciseCardiovascular Responses to ExerciseLimits of Cardiovascular PerformanceChanges in Cardiovascular Parameters With Training Chapter 17. Skeletal Muscle Structure and Contractile PropertiesStructure of Skeletal MuscleSteric Block ModelCrossbridge Cycle ModelsLength–Tension RelationshipIsometric ContractionsForce–Velocity Relationship Chapter 18. Nervous System Control of MovementStructure of the Nervous SystemExcitability of NeuronsNeuromuscular TransmissionExcitation–Contraction CouplingMuscle Fibers and Motor Unit RecruitmentIntegrative Control of MovementMotor Control Process Part III. Adaptations to Exercise and EnvironmentChapter 19. Principles of Skeletal Muscle AdaptationsMyoplasticityMuscle Fiber Types in Elite AthletesMuscle Adaptations in Response to Endurance TrainingMuscle Adaptations in Response to Resistance TrainingMuscle Adaptations in Response to Decreased Physical ActivityMuscle Adaptations in Response to InjurySex Differences in Skeletal MuscleAge-Associated Changes in Skeletal Muscle Chapter 20. Muscle Strength, Power, and FlexibilityClassification of Strength ExercisesMuscle Adaptation to Progressive Resistance ExerciseComponents of Muscle StrengthDelayed Onset Muscle SorenessProgressive Resistance Training ProgramsFlexibility Training Chapter 21. Endurance Training PrinciplesHistorical PerspectiveHuman Genotypes and PhenotypesOverload, Stimulus, and ResponseThree Components of a Training SessionSpecificity, Skill Acquisition, and Developing MetabolismOver-Distance TrainingInterval TrainingTraining Variation and PeakingVolume Versus Intensity of TrainingPeripheral Versus Central LimitationsHigh-Altitude TrainingMethods of Evaluating Training IntensityPlanning a Training Schedule Chapter 22. Temperature Regulation and Exercise in Heat and ColdNormal Body TemperatureHeat TransferHeat Production MechanismsHeat Loss MechanismsTemperature Regulation and the HypothalamusExercise in the ColdExercise in the HeatThermal Stress and Heat-Related Illnesses During Exercise Chapter 23. Atmospheric Pressure, Air Pollution, Travel, Space, and ExerciseAltitudeHyperbariaBiological Rhythms and Travel Across Time ZonesAir PollutionSpace Physiology Part IV. Exercise and Performance FactorsChapter 24. Exercise Testing and PrescriptionMedical Screening Before Beginning an Exercise ProgramUnderstanding METs and MET-MinutesMaximum Oxygen Consumption and Functional CapacityMeasuring Maximum Oxygen ConsumptionTests of Functional CapacityVO2max Field TestsHealth Benefits of Physical Activity Chapter 25. Cardiovascular DiseasesSudden Cardiac Death and ExerciseAtherosclerosis DevelopmentLipoproteinsHypertensionHeart FailureCoronary Artery Disease Risk FactorsCardiac Rehabilitation Chapter 26. Obesity and Body CompositionBody CompositionObesity and HealthEnergy BalanceObesity Treatment Chapter 27. Disease and DisabilityChronic DiseasesPulmonary DisordersImmunity and InfectionMental Health DisordersPhysical DisabilitiesBed Rest and Deconditioning Chapter 28. Nutrition and Athletic PerformanceNutritional Practice in AthleticsMacronutrient ReportsMuscle and Dietary CarbohydrateAmino Acid Role in ExerciseLean Tissue Maintenance and AccretionFat Utilization During ExercisePrecompetition MealsFluid, Energy, and Electrolyte Ingestion During and After ExerciseBalanced DietSpecial Dietary Needs and Supplements Chapter 29. Ergogenic AidsBanned SubstancesHormonal Ergogenic AidsStimulantsNutritional Ergogenic Aids and SupplementsBlood ManipulationGene Doping Chapter 30. Sex and Gender ConsiderationsPhysiological Sex DifferencesExercise and the Menstrual CycleThe Female Athlete TriadExercise and Pregnancy Chapter 31. Growth and DevelopmentThe Growth Process in HumansNeuroendocrine Control of GrowthExercise, Sports, and GrowthSkeletal Development During GrowthBody Composition Changes During GrowthChanges in Cardioventilatory and Metabolic FunctionDevelopmental Responses to Training Chapter 32. AgingAging Effects and MortalityCardiovascular CapacityPulmonary FunctionBone DensityJoint HealthSkeletal MuscleBody Composition and StatureNeural FunctionAging Theories and Exercise EffectsExercise Prescription for Older Adults Chapter 33. Fatigue and the Limits of PerformanceIdentifying FatigueMetabolite DepletionMetabolite AccumulationOxygen Depletion and Muscle Mitochondrial DensityCentral and Neuromuscular FatiguePsychological FatigueHeart Muscle FatigueVO2max and EnduranceFatigue Research Technology George A. Brooks, PhD, is best known for developing the lactate shuttle theory and identifying the role of the mitochondrial reticulum in metabolism. He is a distinguished professor of integrative biology at University of California, Berkeley, where he has been teaching since 1971. He is a fellow of the American Physiological Society (APS), the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), and the European College of Sport Science (ECSS). Brooks was awarded the Walter B. Cannon Award lectureship in 2025 for his groundbreaking research. He was the keynote speaker at the 2025 American Physiology Summit. He has also earned the Honor Award designation from both the American College of Sports Medicine (2007) and the American Physiological Society’s Exercise and Environmental Physiology Section (2014). Thomas D. Fahey, EdD, is a professor emeritus of California State University, Chico, where he received the Outstanding Professor Award. An avid masters track and field discus athlete, he was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award/Lad Pataki Award (2018) as well as an Outstanding Masters Field Athlete (2008) from USA Track and Field. He retired from teaching in 2018 but not before working at UC Berkeley, Stanford University, and other institutions, including California State University, Chico, where he finalized his 50-year teaching career. He has continued to stay abreast of the research in the field and has authored or coauthored over 33 books. He has also written two personal trainer courses. Fahey was honored to be the doping control director for soccer at the Stanford venue for the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles. A familiar face within the athletic community, Fahey is a four-time gold medalist at the World Masters Games. He earned medals in five consecutive world championships (spanning 20 years) and secured 11 straight national titles. Kenneth M. Baldwin, PhD, completed his doctorate in exercise physiology in 1970 under Charles Tipton at the University of Iowa. He finished postdoctoral training under John Holloszy at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. His research interests focused on exercise-induced biochemical and functional adaptations in heart and skeletal muscle. As one of the first faculty members recruited to the University of California, Irvine (UCI) School of Medicine, he played an important role in shaping the teaching, research, and governance of the school, known in the beginning as the California College of Medicine. He served as senior associate dean for academic affairs from 1989 to 1996. He served on the Space Studies Board of the National Academy of Sciences, overseeing research for animals and humans in space. He also organized a 2018 symposium for the National Academy of Sciences at their headquarters in Washington, D.C., to consider the formidable physiological challenges for space travel to and from Mars. He was honored by Springfield College with their Distinguished Alumnus award in 2016. He also received the American Physiological Society’s Living History Award and UCI’s Outstanding Emeritus Award in 2019. Regrettably, Dr. Baldwin passed away in October 2023. Identifying the cause of fatigue in sport and exerciseThe crossover concept in exercise metabolismThe oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve in pulmonary ventilation All ancillaries are free to adopting instructors through HKPropel. Instructor guide. Includes sample lecture outlines. Test package. Contains 990 questions in true-false, fill-in-the-blank, essay and short-answer, and multiple-choice formats. The files may be downloaded for integration with a learning management system or printed for use as paper-based tests. Instructors may also create their own customized quizzes or tests from the test bank questions. Chapter quizzes. Contains ready-made quizzes (9-10 questions each) to assess student comprehension of the most important concepts in each chapter. Presentation package. Features more than 660 PowerPoint slides of text, artwork, and tables from the book that can be used for class discussion and presentation. The slides in the presentation package can be used directly within PowerPoint or printed to make handouts for students. Instructors can easily add, modify, and rearrange the order of the slides. Image bank. Includes most of the figures, content photos, and tables from the text, sorted by chapter. These can be used in developing a customized presentation based on specific course requirements. Show more