Bcakground Interleukin-9 (IL-9) ,also known as P40 and MEA (mast cell growth-enhancing activity), is a 30-40 kDa glycosylated member of a cytokine family that includes Interleukins-2, -4, -7, -15, and -21. These proteins utilize heteromeric receptors containing the Common gamma chain ( gamma c) in addition to ligand-specific subunits. IL-9 interacts selectively with IL-9 R which then associates with gamma c to form the functional receptor complex. IL-9 contributes to allergic inflammation, autoimmunity-induced inflammation, parasite clearance from the GI tract, and Treg-mediated immune suppression (1, 2). It enhances the expansion and recruitment of mast cells and eosinophils as well as the production of IgE and Th2 cytokines (3-6). It is required for anaphylactic responses to ingested allergens but not to systemic allergens (7). IL-9 plays multiple roles in the development and function of subsets within the CD4+ T cell lineage (8). It is expressed by activated Th9, Th17, Treg, and Th2 cells (3, 9-12). IL-9 acts as an autocrine growth and activation factor for Th17, Treg, and mast cells (3, 11, 13). Reference 1. Noelle, R.J. and E.C. Nowak (2010) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 10:683. 2. Goswami, R. and M.H. Kaplan (2011) J. Immunol. 186:3283. 3. Nowak, E.C. et al. (2009) J. Exp. Med. 206:1653. 4. Townsend, M.J. et al. (2000) Immunity 13:573. 5. Leech, M.D. and R.K. Grencis (2006) J. Immunol. 176:2505. 6. Fawaz, L.M. et al. (2007) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 120:1208. 7. Osterfeld, H. et al. (2010) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 125:469. 8. Jabeen, R. and M.H. Kaplan (2012) Curr. Opin. Immunol. 24:303. 9. Tan, C. et al. (2010) J. Immunol. 185:6795. 10. Jager, A. et al. (2009) J. Immunol. 183:7169. 11. Elyaman, W. et al. (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106:12885. 12. Lu, L.-F. et al. (2006) Nature 442:997. 13. Stassen, M. et al. (2000) J. Immunol. 164:5549. Specifications Synonyms Human IL9; IL9; IL-9; interleukin 9; Cytokine P40; HP40 Accession # P15248 Source Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived human IL9 protein Gln19-Ile144 Predicted Moleucular weight 14.1 kDa Components and Storage Formulation Solution protein. Dissolved in sterile PBS buffer to a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. This solution can be diluted into other aqueous buffers. Centrifuge the vial prior to opening. Storage and Stability Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied. Shipping Shipping with dry ice. Quality Purity > 95%, determined by SDS-PAGE. Endotoxin Level
