Syed Hussein AlatasPaperback, 136 pages9789670076348 This work was first published in 1977, alongside The Myth of the Lazy Native. It was written after Syed Hussein Alatas’ withdrawal from active politics. Alatas’ experience as the national chairperson of Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia and presence in the Senate brought him face-to-face with problems that were largely the result of the kind of elites ruling the country. Intellectuals flourish during times of crisis; but in periods of relative calm, they must form a community, without which there will not be conscious and intelligent solutions to the problems faced by developing societies. These problems must be met by intellectual justice, not with the exploitative ignorance of the fools. Only after the emergence of such a community can the developing societies of our world escape the clutches of the fools and chart their own course. Contents1 The Malaysian Background: A Personal Account2 Intellectuals and Their Function3 Bebalisma4 The Fools in Developing Societies5 The Intellectuals and Developing Societies6 The Necessity for Intellectuals7 The Emergence of the Intellectuals8 Backwardness and the Intellectuals: The Russian Phenomenon and Developing Societies9 The Backward Elites and Modernisation10 Science and the Backward Elites11 Backward Elites and the Problem of Causation