Jarrow Formulas Neuro Optimizer supports brain health and function. Enhances brain metabolism and antioxidant protection safely and naturally, without the use of stimulants. Citicoline (CDP-Choline) is an essential intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a major constituent of the gray matter of brain tissue (30%). Citicoline promotes brain metabolism by enhancing the synthesis of acetylcholine. Phosphatidylserine supports the brain's response to stress. The antioxidants Acetyl-L-Carnitine, Alpha Lipoic Acid and Taurine help protect neurons. Acetyl-L-Carnitine, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Pantothenic Acid and L-Glutamine support brain metabolism. Taurine aids in osmoregulation (maintenance of proper concentrations of ions) inside the cell. Recommended Use: Take 4 capsules per day with juice or water between meals or as directed by a healthcare professional. Jarrow Formulas Neuro Optimizer Facts: 4 capsules contain: Pantothenic Acid (as Calcium D-Pantothenate) 10 mg Acetyl-L-Carnitine (from Acetyl-L-Carnitine Hydrochloride) 500 mg L-Glutamine 500 mg Taurine 500 mg Cytidine 5-diphosphocholine 300 mg Phosphatidylcholine 120 mg Phosphatidylserine 100 mg Other Ingredients: Capsule (bovine gelatin), soy lecithin, microcrystaline cellulose, silicon dioxide and magnesium stearate (vegetable source). Contains: Soy No wheat, gluten, dairy, egg, fish/shellfish, or peanuts/tree nuts.