LNG Operational Practice, 2nd Edition 2020

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Overview This second edition is updated for 2020 to reflect the substantial changes and new designs in the technical and operational aspects of LNG shipping and the transportation of LNG by sea, since this book was first published in 2006. It is prepared as a practical handbook for the operation of LNG carriers. This book is written for LNG Officers who require a better understanding of the processes involved in operating a modern LNG carrier. The book is laid out with clear diagrams, checklists, guidance and instructions for each of the operations undertaken at each stage of a typical trading cycle for an LNG carrier including: Post dry-dock, Drying of cargo tanks, inerting of cargo tanks, gassing-up the cargo tanks, initial cooldown of cargo tanks, cargo loading, laden voyage, cargo discharge, ballast voyage, ship to ship transfer and preparations for dry-dock including warming-up of cargo tanks, inerting of cargo tanks and aeration of cargo tanks. Content Preface Acknowledgements Section 1: General Information 1 Physical Properties, Composition and Characteristics of LNG 1.1 Overview 1.2 Flammability of LNG 1.3 Saturated Vapour Pressure (SVP) 1.4 Vapour Density 1.5 Safety Precautions in LNG Handling 2 Normal Trading Cycle of an LNGC 3 Cargo Containment Systems 3.1 Overview 3.2 Moss Rosenberg (Moss) 3.2.1 Leak detection 3.3 Mark III (GTT) 3.3.1 Membrane or primary barrier 3.3.2 Insulation and secondary barrier 3.3.3Interbarrier and insulation space (IBS/IS) N2 pressurisation and control system 3.4 NO96 (GTT) 3.4.1Primary insulation space (PIS) and secondary insulation space (SIS) N2 pressurisation andcontrol system 4 Cargo Handling Equipment 4.1 Cargo Pump 4.2 Spray/Stripping Pump 4.3 High Duty Compressor 4.4 Low Duty Compressor 4.5 Gas Heater 4.6 Vaporiser 4.7 Reliquefaction Plant 4.8 Gas Combustion Unit (GCU) 5 Auxiliary Equipment 5.1 The Cargo Valves Remote Control System 5.2 Ship/Shore Link and ESD System 5.3 N2 Generator 5.4 IG Plant 5.5 Custody Transfer and Measurement System (CTMS) 5.6 Cargo Tank Gauging System 5.6.1 Cargo tank float gauge 5.7 Gas Detection Equipment 5.8 Cofferdam Heating System 5.9 Vacuum Pumps 5.10 Tank Overflow Protection Section 2: Post Dry-dock Operations 6 Operations Related to Auxiliary Systems 6.1 Moss Type LNG Carriers 6.1.1 Overview 6.1.2 Removing ambient humid air from the hold spaces 6.1.3 Drying and inerting of tank insulation and annular space 6.2 Membrane Type LNG Carriers (Mark III and NO96) 6.2.1 Overview 6.2.2Removing ambient humid air from the insulation spaces of Mark III cargo containment system 6.2.3Removing ambient humid air from the insulation spaces of NO96 cargo containment system 7 Cargo Tank Operations 7.1 Drying of Cargo Tanks 7.1.1 Overview 7.1.2 Preparation for drying 7.1.3 Operational description – cargo tanks drying 7.1.4 Further considerations 7.2 Inerting of Cargo Tanks 7.2.1 Overview 7.2.2 Preparation for inerting 7.2.3 Operational description – inerting cargo tanks prior to gassing-up 7.2.4 Further considerations 7.3 Gassing-up the Cargo Tanks 7.3.1 Overview 7.3.2 Preparation for gassing-up 7.3.3Operational description – gassing-up the cargo tanks with LNG vapour and IG vented toatmosphere 7.3.4 Operational description – gassing-up the cargo tanks with LNG vapour and IG returned to shore 7.3.5 Further considerations 7.4 Initial Cooldown of Cargo Tanks 7.4.1 Moss type LNGC 7.4.2 Membrane type LNGC 7.4.3 Operational description – cargo tanks cooldown 7.4.4 Further considerations Section 3: In-service Operations 8 Loading Operations 8.1 Overview 8.2 Preparation for Loading 8.3 Pre-loading Operations 8.4 Cooldown for Loading 8.5 Ramp-up to Bulk Rate 8.6 Bulk Rate Loading 8.7 Ramp-down 8.8 Post-loading Operations 8.9 Departure from Load Port 9 Laden Voyage 9.1 Overview 9.2Laden Voyage of LNG Carriers with Gas Burning Propulsion System 9.2.1 Steam plant 9.2.2 Engines and generators 9.2.3 Consideration for all gas burning systems 9.3Laden Voyage of LNG Carriers with Reliquefication Plant 9.4 Further Considerations on Laden Voyage 10 Discharge Operations 10.1 Overview 10.2 Preparation for Discharge 10.3 Pre-discharge Operations 10.3.1 Operational description – MLAs and liquid header cooldown prior to discharging 10.4 Ramp-up to Bulk Rate 10.4.1 4-step ramp-up 10.4.2 8-step ramp-up 10.5 Operational description – bulk rate discharge 10.6 Ramp-down 10.6.1 Ramp-down ‘heel retained’ 10.6.2 Operational description – ramp-down ‘heel out’ (cargo tank stripping) 10.7 Post-discharge Operations 10.8 Departure from Discharge Port 10.9 Further Considerations During Discharge 11 Ballast Voyage 11.1 Overview 11.2 Heel Management 11.2.1Heel management of LNGCs with a gas burning propulsion system 11.2.2Heel management of LNGCs with a reliquefaction plant 11.3 Further Considerations on Ballast Voyage 12 Ship to Ship Transfer Operations 12.1 Pre-arrival Stage 12.2 Approach and Mooring Stage 12.3 Cargo Transfer Stage 12.4 Post-transfer Procedure Section 4: Pre Dry-dock Preparations 13 Cargo Tank Operations 13.1 Warming up Cargo Tanks 13.1.1 Overview 13.1.2 Preparation for warming up 13.1.3 Operational description – cargo tanks warming up 13.1.4 Further considerations 13.2 Inerting of Cargo Tanks 13.2.1 Overview 13.2.2 Preparation for inerting 13.2.3 Operational description – cargo tank inerting after warming up 13.2.4 Further considerations 13.3 Aeration of Cargo Tanks 13.3.1 Overview 13.3.2 Preparation for aeration 13.3.3 Operational description – cargo tank aeration 13.3.4 Further considerations Glossary Glossary Details Title: LNG Operational Practice. 2nd EditionNumber of Pages: 140Product Code: WS1677KISBN: ISBN 13: 978-1-85609-871-7 (9781856098717), ISBN 10: 1-85609-871-0 (1856098710)Published Date: January 2020Binding Format: PaperbackBook Height: 300 mmBook Width: 210 mmBook Spine: 5 mmWeight: 2.20 kg Show more