Overview This book covers every aspect of today’s offshore exploration and production including equipment, procedures, specifications and regulations. Today's offshore engineer must carry out an enormous range of tasks and so a full appreciation of the industry is an essential prerequisite to success. This book should be a permanent part of every engineer's baggage, and it will be as valuable to the experienced engineer as to the new recruit. Content ForewordThe AuthorPrefaceAcknowledgementsAbbreviationsGlossaryStandards, Guidance Notes and Codes of Practice1 Introduction and Background1.1 Worldwide Oil and Gas Production – Perspective1.2 Field Developments – Field Size1.3 Reserves1.4 Oil and Gas Prices2 Offshore Structures and Support Vessels2.1 Offshore Structures2.1.1 Fixed Steel Structures2.1.2 Concrete Gravity Base Structure (GBS)2.1.3 Tension Leg Platform (TLP)2.1.4 Semi-Submersible Vessel (Semi-Sub)2.1.5 Floating Production Systems (FPS)2.1.6 Self-Elevating Jack-Up2.1.7 Single Point Mooring (SPM)2.2 Support Vessels2.2.1 The Offshore Supply Boat2.2.2 Standby Vessels2.3 Offshore Installation Descriptions2.4 Fixed Steel Structures – Installation2.4.1 Construction2.4.2 Load Out and Transportation2.4.3 Installation2.4.4 Piling Operations2.4.5 Topside Installation2.4.6 Abandonment2.4.7 RWE DEA UK ‘Cavendish’ Installation3 Safety Systems3.1 Fire-Fighting Equipment3.1.1 Equipment Approval3.1.2 Guidance Notes and Standards3.1.3 Active Fire Protection3.1.4 Portable Fire-Fighting Equipment3.1.5 Helideck Fire-Fighting Equipment3.1.6 Remote Stops and Closing Devices3.2 Passive Fire Protection3.2.1 Fire Divisions – Designations3.2.2 Fire Divisions – Penetrations3.2.3 Draught Stops3.2.4 Furnishings3.2.5 New Developments3.3 Life-Saving Appliances3.3.1 Life-Saving Equipment3.3.2 Lifeboats3.3.3 Liferafts3.3.4 Descent Devices3.3.5 Lifejackets and Personal Survival Equipment3.3.6 Lifebuoys3.3.7 Maintenance3.4 Navigational Aids – Fixed Offshore Installations3.4.1 Visual Navigation Aids3.4.2 Audible Navigational Aids3.4.3 Navigation Aids Failure3.4.4 Helideck Illumination3.4.5 Identification Panels3.5 Hazardous Areas3.5.1 Hazardous Areas and their Determination3.5.2 Ventilation Systems and Machinery in Hazardous Areas3.5.3 Hazardous Area Equipment3.6 Emergency Systems3.6.1 Emergency Shutdown System (ESD)3.6.2 Process ESD Valves3.6.3 Gas Detection3.6.4 Fire Detection3.6.5 Containment Systems3.6.6 Fire Loop3.6.7 Emergency Shutdown Valves – Pipelines3.6.8 Guidance Notes and Reference Standards3.7 Deepwater Horizon – Impact for the Industry3.7.1 Background3.7.2 The National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling3.7.3 The Events Leading up to the Incident3.7.4 Analysis of the Incident3.7.5 The First Changes After the Incident4 Piping Systems and Process Pressure Vessels4.1 Piping Systems4.1.1 Hydrocarbon Process4.1.2 Utility Systems4.2 Process Pressure Vessels4.2.1 Gas/Oil (Condensate)/Water Separators4.2.2 Gas/Liquid Separators4.2.3 Oil/Water Separators4.2.4 Holding Tanks4.3 Piping and Pressure Vessel Design4.3.1 Piping Systems – Installation and Layout4.3.2 Piping Systems – Design4.3.3 Pipeline System – Design4.3.4 Pressure Vessels – Design4.4 Piping Systems – Construction4.4.1 Piping Classes4.4.2 Pipe Materials4.4.3 Fittings4.4.4 Valves4.4.5 Bolting4.4.6 Pressure Testing4.4.7 Pipeline Testing4.4.8 Golden Welds4.4.9 Pipeline Commissioning5 Oil and Gas Production5.1 Gas Production5.1.1 Wellheads5.1.2 Slug Catcher5.1.3 Meter Run and Test Separator5.1.4 Production Header5.1.5 Production Separator5.1.6 Heat Exchanger5.1.7 Glycol Contactor (or Absorption Tower)5.1.8 Discharge Header5.1.9 Export Line5.1.10 The Liquid Process5.2 Oil Production5.2.1 The Oil Process5.2.2 Improvement in Oil Production5.2.3 Associated Gas5.3 Enhanced Oil Recovery and the Oil Drive Mechanism5.3.1 The Oil Drive Mechanism5.3.2 Enhanced Oil Recovery Systems5.3.3 Water Injection5.3.4 Minox De-Oxygenation System5.3.5 Gas Injection5.3.6 Gas Lift5.3.7 The Deepwell/Submergible Pump6 Underwater Engineering6.1 Diving6.1.1 Air Diving6.1.2 Saturation Diving6.1.3 Equipment6.1.4 Vessels6.2 Underwater Surveys6.2.1 Splash Zone Visual Inspection6.2.2 Swimaround Survey6.2.3 Non-Destructive Examination6.2.4 Flooded Member Survey6.2.5 Marine Growth Measurement6.2.6 Scour Survey6.2.7 Cathodic Protection Examination6.2.8 Differential Settlement Survey6.2.9 Air Gap Measurement6.3 Subsea Wells6.3.1 Subsea Development Options6.3.2 Subsea Wells6.4 Subsea Developments6.4.1 Subsea Separation6.4.2 Multiphase Pumping and Metering7 Drilling7.1 Introduction7.1.1 The Formation of Oil and Gas7.1.2 Exploration7.2 The Well7.2.1 Well Construction7.2.2 The Cement Job7.3 Equipment7.3.1 Drilling Derrick7.3.2 The Drill String7.3.3 Drilling Mud7.4 Operations7.4.1 The Drill Crew7.4.2 Making Hole7.5 Well Control Equipment7.5.1 The Diverter7.5.2 The Blowout Preventer7.5.3 BOP Operations7.6 Drill Ship Equipment7.7 Deviated Wells7.7.1 Directional Drilling Techniques7.7.2 Horizontal Wells7.7.3 Geosteering7.7.4 Multi-Lateral Wells8 Component Parts8.1 The Christmas Tree8.1.1 Solid Block Christmas Tree8.1.2 Wellhead Control Panel8.1.3 Gate Valves and Actuators8.1.4 Horizontal Trees8.2 The Surface Wellhead8.2.1 Base Plate/Landing Ring8.2.2 Starting Head8.2.3 Casing Head Spools8.2.4 Tubing Head Spool8.2.5 Christmas Tree8.3 Mudline Suspension Systems – (MLSS)8.3.1 Pre-Drilling of Wells8.3.2 Subsea Wells8.4 Mudline Safety Valve8.5 The Production Packer9 Well Maintenance9.1 Wireline Operations9.1.1 Wireline Equipment9.1.2 Wireline Tool String9.1.3 Wireline Operations9.2 Workover Operations9.2.1 Well Stimulation9.2.2 Well ModificationsAppendicesAppendix I – Structural SteelAppendix II – WeldingAppendix III – Non-Destructive ExaminationAppendix IV – Units of MeasurementsAppendix V – Table of Line Pipe DimensionsAppendix VI – UK LegislationIndex Details Title: Offshore Engineering and Production, 3rd EditionEdition: ThirdNumber of Pages: 320Product Code: WS1222KISBN: ISBN 13: 978-1-905331-98-7 (9781905331987), ISBN 10: 1-905331-98-3 (1905331983)Published Date: July 2011Binding Format: HardbackBook Height: 279 mmBook Width: 165 mmBook Spine: 20 mmWeight: 1.10 kgAuthor: Angus Mather
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