Bitter Melon (Mormordia charantia) has been broadly used in numerous systems of traditional medicine for a variety of ailments, particularly diabetes. Subsequently, modern research has found that the scientific applications of the herb reflect several of its ethnobotanical uses. Biochemical and animal model experiments suggest that Bitter Melon improves glucose tolerance, suppresses postprandial hyperglycaemia in rats, increases peripheral glucose uptake, stimulates pancreatic insulin secretion, preserves and protects pancreatic beta cells, improves insulin sensitivity and signalling, and enhances lipolysis. Human clinical trials have also demonstrated positive results. Furthermore, Bitter Melon has been shown to prevent or delay the progression of diabetic complications including nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, blood vessel damage and calcification, enteropathy, and delayed wound healing. Additionally, Bitter Melon has been consistently seen to decrease triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Also, Bitter Melon has shown benefit in obesity related metabolic dysfunction and several investigations suggest that Bitter Melon may reduce body weight gain and fat deposition in obesity.