Testing the pH of your water, beers wort, wines grape juice or your ciders apple juice before you start fermenting is a great way to tell if you need to make adjustments to the levels of acid so that you get a great beer, wine or cider. This Digital pH meter is very useful to quickly check the pH in .1 increments. Just pull the cap off, turn it on and put it in the liquid to be measured. let it stabilise (30 seconds) and then take the reading from the lcd display. The pH testing pen comes with 2 sachets of buffer powder for calibrating the readings. Just follow the instructions that comes with the meter. The pH testing pen is roughly the size of a highlighter pen. Knowing if you need to make your starting liquor more or less acidic can really help the flavour in the finished product. Too low a pH (too acidic) will cause the yeast to struggle to ferment it into alcohol. Too high a pH (not enough acid) will cause your finished product to have a shorter shelf life and lack punch, zing, flavour and body. The pH scale runs from 0 to 14. 0 being highly acidic. 7 in the middle being neutral and 14 being highly caustic. For red wines the grape juice pH should be around 3.4-3.6. White wines the grape juice pH should be around 3.2-3.4, slightly more acidic. For Cider the apple juice pH should be around 3.3-3.8. For Beer the pH will change at different stages, so the mash would normally be around 5.2-5.6. Heat out 5-5.2 and post fermentation 4-4.5. But it all depends on the style you are brewing. You will need 2 x LR44 Batteries - Not Included. The colour of the Digital pH Meter Testing Pen may change.