Tortoise life is a 50:50 mixture of high quality top soil and play sand with a little limestone grit added to provide some Calcium if the substrate is eaten. This mixture simulates the texture and moisture retention characteristics of the soils found in their natural habitats much more closely than other substrates. It is also suitable for many species of lizards that originate from arid habitats. Directions: Spread the substrate evenly over the bottom of the enclosure to a depth of at least 2” (5cm) for young animals and up to 6” (15cm) or more for mature animals. Russian tortoises particularly may need a deeper substrate as they burrow extensively. Spot-clean daily to remove soiled substrate and replace completely every 2 or 3 weeks. Areas of the substrate can be sprayed to provide local humidity but avoid making the substrate too wet.
