Red Oak (Quercus rubra) Description:Red Oak (Quercus rubra), also known as Northern Red Oak, is a classic, fast-growing shade tree prized for its stately, rounded form and brilliant red fall color. Native to much of the United States, this large, adaptable tree is perfect for open areas, parks, and large yards, providing excellent shade and wildlife value. Its glossy, dark green leaves turn vibrant red in autumn, creating a spectacular seasonal display. Red Oak is highly resilient, tolerating a wide range of soils, drought, and urban conditions. Its acorns are an important food source for birds and mammals, and the tree serves as a host for various butterflies and moths. Plant Characteristics: Botanical Name: Quercus rubra Common Name: Red Oak, Northern Red Oak Type: Deciduous shade tree Mature Height: 60–75 feet (up to 100 feet in the wild) Mature Spread: 40–60 feet Growth Habit: Broadly rounded, upright canopy Foliage: Dark green, glossy, wide-lobed leaves; turn brilliant red in fall Bark: Dark reddish-gray with distinctive vertical stripes (“tiger oak” appearance) Flower Color: Yellow-green catkins in spring (not showy) Acorns: Oval, with flat, saucer-shaped caps; valuable for wildlife Light Requirements: Full sun Soil: Adaptable; prefers rich, well-drained, slightly acidic soil but tolerates clay, sand, and urban conditions Water Needs: Moderate; drought tolerant once established Hardiness Zones: USDA 4–9 Maintenance: Low; prune in late winter to maintain shape and remove dead wood Resistances: Tolerant of drought, air pollution, and compacted soils Wildlife: Attracts birds, deer, squirrels, turkeys, and supports larval butterflies/moths Uses: Shade tree, specimen, street tree, park tree, wildlife gardens, naturalized areas Care Tips: Plant at least 20 feet from buildings to allow space for mature growth. Water deeply during establishment; mulch to retain soil moisture. Prune in late winter to develop strong structure. Allow leaves to decompose naturally for soil enrichment.
