We see what we want to see. From tribalism in politics, to wishful thinking and rationalizing in our personal lives, humans are natural-born motivated reasoners. We have what Julia Galef calls a “soldier” mindset: the drive to defend ideas we want to believe, and shoot down those we don’t. Instead, Galef argues, if we want to get things right more often, we should train ourselves to have a “scout” mindset. A scout’s goal isn’t to defend one side over the other. It’s to go out, survey the territory, and come back with as accurate a map as possible. Regardless of what they hope to be the case, above all, the scout wants to know what’s actually true. Galef’s insight is that what makes scouts better at getting things right isn’t that they’re smarter or more knowledgeable than everyone else. It’s a handful of emotional skills, habits, and ways of looking at the world—which anyone can learn. With fascinating examples ranging from how to survive an emergency, to how Jeff Bezos avoids overconfidence, to Obama’s way of coping with risk, to Reddit threads and modern partisan politics, Galef explores why our brains deceive us and what we can do to change the way we think.
