The heart of this unit is Vertigo Sound 100% discrete Twin Op Amp circuit called the OPA (operational amplifier) 1976. These "in house" engineered & built discrete amplifier stage is combined with Jensens world famous JT-16 Mic transformers and provide a smooth warm and defined sound from the lowest bass to the very top end of the sonic spectrum.The JT-16 transformer can handle very high input levels and provides a very linear phase behaviour because of low capacitance problems due to it`s low ratio of 1:2. Further the low ratio of the transformer forces the discrete OP Amp to provide most of the amplification in the VSP-2. This " full throttle","pedal to the floor" circuitry enables a unique, rich, full and characterful sound. The heart of the VSP-2 - the discrete OP AMP 1976 99% of all newer designs use an I-ntegrated C-ircuit for this job which makes production easy and cost extensive. Here's the big difference! The Vertigo Sound 1976 is a fully DISCRETE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER This very well thought out classic circuitry together with the Jensen JT16 transormer and Panasonic Coupling Caps plus the specific choice of components of the OP Amp gives you a fresh, punchy precise colourful sound without sounding dull or nasty at anytime.