"The Recalca method of use is to apply CF Serum Advanced to your skin and leave it on for five minutes." It conditions your skin for health and enhances the absorption of other serums. Two types of vitamin C (ascorbic acid and trisodium ascorbyl palmitate) bring clarity and firmness, leading to a brighter, more radiant complexion. \ Point 1 / {Amphiphilic vitamin C derivative APPS (trisodium ascorbyl palmitate)} A water-soluble vitamin C derivative that easily blends with water and an oil-soluble vitamin C derivative that easily blends with oil. The amphiphilic vitamin C derivative (APPS) has both a water-soluble and an oil-soluble portion, allowing it to penetrate and moisturize a wide range of areas within the skin where both water and oil mix. *Skin refers to the stratum corneum. \ Point 2 / {Contains naturally derived MAAs} Contains MAAs extracted from cyanobacteria. MAAs penetrate deeply into the stratum corneum, leading to plump, firm skin. Point 3: To maintain the stability of ascorbic acid, it is important to prevent it from oxidizing to dehydroascorbic acid. CF Serum Advance has three features to prevent oxidation within the container.