Insulin is a double-chain (α, β) polypeptide hormone secreted by pancreatic β cells in the pancreas. It consists of 51 amino acids and has a molecular weight of about 5800 Da. The two chains are connected by two pairs of disulfide bonds, and the α chain itself also contains a pair of disulfide bonds. Insulin is currently known to be a protein hormone in the body that can lower blood sugar. It is not only responsible for regulating the cell's intake, utilization and storage of glucose, amino acids and fatty acids, but also inhibits the degradation of glycogen, protein and fat. The functions of insulin in different species are roughly the same, except for the difference in amino acid composition. The structure of human insulin is shown below: The amino acid positions of bovine insulin that are different from those of human insulin are: the eighth amino acid (α8) in the α chain is replaced by alanine (A) instead of threonine (T), and the tenth amino acid (α10) is replaced by valine (V) instead of isoleucine (I). The C-terminus of the β chain is replaced by alanine (A) instead of threonine (T). The bovine insulin provided by Yisheng is purified from the ethanol/phosphate extract of bovine pancreas by multiple ammonium sulfate and isoelectric precipitation methods. It is often used as an auxiliary component of cell culture, and the common concentration used is 1-10 μg/mL. Product Properties CAS Number 11070-73-8 Source Rice Molecular Formula C254H377N65O75S6 Molecular Weight 5733.5 Appearance White to off-white powder Potency ≥27 USP units/mg Zinc Amount ~0.5% (If the experiment requires the removal of zinc ions, insulin can be dissolved in dilute acetic acid, excess EDTA can be added to chelate zinc ions, and then isoelectric precipitation can be used to purify) Solubility Insoluble in water, soluble in dilute acetic acid or dilute hydrochloric acid (pH 2-3) Physical Appearance White to off-white powder pI pl = 5.3 Sedimentation Coefficient（S20,w） 1.95 x 10-13 Diffusion Coefficient（D20,w） 7.30×10-7 EM(278nm) 6080（33 mM phosphate，pH 7.0） E1%(278nm) 10.6（33 mM phosphate，pH 7.0） Sequence A-Chain: G-I-V-E-Q-C-C-A-S-V-C-S-L-Y-Q-L-E-N-Y-C-N B-Chain: F-V-N-Q-H-L-C-G-S-H-L-V-E-A-L-Y-L-V-C-G-E-R-G-F-F-Y-T-P-K-A Shipping and Storage This product should be stored at -25~-15℃ for 2 years.- 3 -6months, -25 to -15 °C after reconstitution. Store in a dark and dry place. Reconstitution Insoluble in water at neutral pH. Soluble in dilute acetic acid or dilute hydrochloric acid (pH 2-3), prepare 2 mg/mL stock solution. The stock solution is divided into single-use doses and frozen at -20°C to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. In addition, the stock solution sterilized by filtering with a low protein adsorption filter membrane, or the stock solution with a suitable antibacterial agent such as 0.1% thimerosal or sodium azide, can be stored at 2-8°C for up to 6 months. Notes 1. This product is for research use only. 2. Please operate with lab coats and disposable gloves，for your safety. Manuals
