D-Luciferin is a common substrate for the luciferase enzyme Luciferase and is commonly used throughout biotechnology, especially in in vivo in vivo imaging. The mechanism of action is that luciferin (the substrate) can be oxidized to emit light in the presence of ATP and luciferase. When there is an excess of luciferin, the number of light quanta produced is positively correlated with the concentration of luciferase (see figure below). After transfecting cells with a plasmid carrying the gene encoding luciferase (Luc) and introducing it into research animals such as mice and rats, luciferin is injected into the cells, and changes in light intensity are detected by BLI, allowing real-time monitoring of the state of disease progression or the therapeutic efficacy of a drug, for example. The effect of ATP on this reaction system can also be utilized to indicate energy or vital signs based on changes in bioluminescence intensity. D-Luciferin is also commonly used in in vitro studies including luciferase and ATP level analysis, reporter gene analysis, high throughput sequencing, and various contamination assays. There are currently three product forms on the market, D-Luciferin (free acid), D-Luciferin sodium salt, and D-Luciferin potassium salt. The main difference between these three products is in their solubility characteristics; D-Luciferin (free acid) is weakly soluble in water and in buffer systems, unless it is soluble in weak bases such as NaOH and KOH solutions. D-Luciferin in the form of sodium and potassium salts dissolves very easily and quickly in water or buffers, is easy to use, and the solvents are non-toxic, making it particularly suitable for in vivo experiments. When formulated as liquids, there is no substantial difference between the three products for most applications. Features No radiation, almost harmless to living organisms. Bioluminescence, no excitation light source. So sensitive, you can detect it in a few hundred cells. Good penetration, 3-4cm tissue depth can still be detected. High signal-to-noise ratio, strong fluorescence signal and good anti-interference. Applications In the tumorigenesis experiment in nude mice, the tumor growth was observed without invasion in real time, without tumor stripping measurement. To test the effect of the administration on tumor growth or metastasis, the fluorescein substrate can be completely eliminated within 3 hours, without interference to the drug experiment. The localization and distribution of foreign cells in animals were detected. The target gene or promoter of the target gene is fused to the luciferase gene to detect changes in gene expression during drug treatment or disease progression. Monitoring stem cell transplantation, survival and proliferation; Trace the distribution and migration of stem cells in vivo. Specifications English synonym D-Luciferin Firefly, free acid CAS NO. 2591-17-5 Formula C11H8N2O3S2 Molecular weight 280.33 g/mol Appearance Off-white to light yellow powder Solubility This product is difficult to dissolve in water, can add dilute alkali to promote its dissolution. Purity（HPLC） ≥ 95% Components Components No. Name 40903ES01 40903ES02 40903ES03 40903 D-Luciferin Firefly,Free Acid 100 mg 500 mg 1 g Shipping and Storage Transported in ice packs; stored at -20°C dry and protected from light; valid for 1 year. Figures Documents: 40903_MSDS_HB241231 40903_Manuals_Ver.EN20241231 Citations & References: [1] Ji C, Zhao M, Wang C, et al. Biocompatible Tantalum Nanoparticles as Radiosensitizers for Enhancing Therapy Efficacy in Primary Tumor and Metastatic Sentinel Lymph Nodes [published online ahead of print, 2022 Jun 6]. ACS Nano. 2022;10.1021/acsnano.2c02314. doi:10.1021/acsnano.2c02314(IF:15.881)[2] Miao Z, Tian W, Ye Y, et al. Hsp90 induces Acsl4-dependent glioma ferroptosis via dephosphorylating Ser637 at Drp1. Cell Death Dis. 2022;13(6):548. Published 2022 Jun 13. doi:10.1038/s41419-022-04997-1(IF:8.469)[3] Zhang L, Sun Y, Zhang XX, et al. Comparison of CD146 +/- mesenchymal stem cells in improving premature ovarian failure. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022;13(1):267. Published 2022 Jun 21. doi:10.1186/s13287-022-02916-x(IF:6.832)[4] Fu RJ, He W, Wang XB, et al. DNMT1-maintained hypermethylation of Krüppel-like factor 5 involves in the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis. 2017;8(7):e2952. Published 2017 Jul 27. doi:10.1038/cddis.2017.323(IF:5.965)[5] Xu P, Wu L, Cao M, et al. Identification of MBW Complex Components Implicated in the Biosynthesis of Flavonoids in Woodland Strawberry. Front Plant Sci. 2021;12:774943. Published 2021 Nov 8. doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.774943(IF:5.754)[6] Bai S, Tao R, Yin L, et al. Two B-box proteins, PpBBX18 and PpBBX21, antagonistically regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis via competitive association with Pyrus pyrifolia ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 in the peel of pear fruit. Plant J. 2019;100(6):1208-1223. doi:10.1111/tpj.14510(IF:5.726)[7] Yang SX, Wu TT, Ding CH, Zhou PC, Chen ZZ, Gou JY. SAHH and SAMS form a methyl donor complex with CCoAOMT7 for methylation of phenolic compounds. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2019;520(1):122-127. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.101(IF:2.705)
