This is an empirically derived formula that has been designed to treat male infertility by improving sperm count and motility. It is based on a combination of two classic formulas: Five Seeds Formula for Abundant Ancestors (wu zi yan zong wan), devised by Zhu Zhen-heng (a.k.a. Zhu Dan-xi) and recorded in 'Dan-xi's Experiential Therapy' (dan xi fa xin yao), 1481 Ba Ji Yin Yang Wan (Morinda Combination), a modern formulation that was originally developed to treat low back pain, sciatica and other forms of arthritis of the lower body in elderly patients with Kidney deficiency. Herbal ingredients from both of these formulas have marked androgenic actions, which have been confirmed by modern research. These effects include an increase in semen production, increased sperm count and improvement in sperm mobility. It should be noted that in patients with deficiency of the Kidney, the Spleen Qi is generally also deficient. In such cases it is crucial that digestive and Spleen tonifying formulas also be given together with the main formula. Otherwise the weakened digestive system may become 'overwhelmed' by the rich and somewhat hard to digest Kidney-Essence tonifying herbal ingredients, resulting in loss of appetite, loose stools or diarrhea and poor absorption of nutrients. TCM ACTIONSWarms and tonifies the Kidney Yang, enriches and secures the Kidney Essence TCM SYNDROMESDeficiency of the Kidney Yang-Essence. INDICATIONS Male infertility Male sexual hypofunction Female sexual hypofunction SIGNS & SYMPTOMS(Key clinical features in bold) Sexual hypofunction Low libido Abnormalities of sperm (poor motility, low sperm count) Fatigue Frequent urination Low back pain Forgetfulness Cold hands and feet Pale tongue Deep and slow pulse