This is an empirically derived formula that has been designed to treat male infertility by improving sperm count and motility. It is based on a combination of two classic formulas: Five Seeds Formula for Abundant Ancestors (wu zi yan zong wan), devised by Zhu Zhen-heng (a.k.a. Zhu Dan-xi) and recorded in 'Dan-xi's Experiential Therapy' (dan xi fa xin yao), 1481 Ba Ji Yin Yang Wan (Morinda Combination), a modern formulation that was originally developed to treat low back pain, sciatica and other forms of arthritis of the lower body in elderly patients with Kidney deficiency. Herbal ingredients from both of these formulas have marked androgenic actions, which have been confirmed by modern research. These effects include an increase in semen production, increased sperm count and improvement in sperm mobility.It should be noted that in patients with deficiency of the Kidney, the Spleen Qi is generally also deficient. In such cases it is crucial that digestive and Spleen tonifying formulas also be given together with the main formula. Otherwise the weakened digestive system may become 'overwhelmed' by the rich and somewhat hard to digest Kidney-Essence tonifying herbal ingredients, resulting in loss of appetite, loose stools or diarrhea and poor absorption of nutrients. TCM ACTIONSWarms and tonifies the Kidney Yang, enriches and secures the Kidney EssenceTCM SYNDROMESDeficiency of the Kidney Yang-Essence.INDICATIONS Male infertility Male sexual hypofunction Female sexual hypofunction SIGNS & SYMPTOMS(Key clinical features in bold) Sexual hypofunction Low libido Abnormalities of sperm (poor motility, low sperm count) Fatigue Frequent urination Low back pain Forgetfulness Cold hands and feet Pale tongue Deep and slow pulse Ingredients Each capsule contains: Morinda officinalis (Morinda) root equiv. to dry 162mg Epimedium sagittatum (Horny Goat Weed) herb equiv. to dry 162mg Cuscuta hygrophilae (Cuscuta) seed equiv. to dry 162mg Lycium chinense fruit equiv. to dry 160.2mg Dioscorea oppositifolia (Chinese Yam) root equiv. to dry 160.2mg Eucommia ulmoides (Du Zhong) stem bark equiv. to dry 160.2mg Angelica polymorpha (Dong Quai) root equiv. to dry 144mg Cnidium monnieri seed equiv. to dry 160.2mg Cornus officinalis (Cornelian Cherry) fruit equiv. to dry 144mg Paeonia lactiflora (White Peony) root equiv. to dry 144mg Rubus chingii fruit equiv. to dry 160.2mg Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Licorice) root equiv. to dry 81mg Cautions Caution for those on anti-coagulant medications (i.e. Heparin, warfarin or aspirin). Contains Glycyrrhiza, which potentiates prednisone and corticosteroids by prolonging steroid biological half-life; caution in patients with hypertension. For the most up to date information on this product, please visit the brand / manufacturer website as product descriptions and directions can change.